Fencing safety aided by death in the family

While the Soviet fencer's death at the Rome World Championships in 1982 shocked the sport to its core, the fatal accident proved to be a turning point in making fencing safer.

Smirnov was fencing West Germany's Matthias Behr in Rome. Both stood over six feet tall and were described by coaches and team mates as massively strong and fast, their attacks akin to an oncoming locomotive.

They attacked each other simultaneously in an attempt to establish an advantage, or what is known in fencing as the "right of way", Smirnov's former coach Alexander Perekalsky, 87, told Reuters in a recent telephone interview from Moscow.

"Smirnov tried to block Behr's blade with an upward parry, that Behr avoided. Both collided and Behr's blade broke on Smirnov's chest and by inertia he continued forward.

"The broken blade hits a brand new mask and goes through, hitting him above the left eye and into his brain," he added.

Smirnov died some 10 days later after being taken off life support, his death mourned by the entire fencing world.

Behr left fencing in the aftermath of the accident but returned to win the foil silver at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, and headed Germany's national fencing training center in Tauberbischofsheim.

Ioan Pop, the international technical director for fencing's governing body (FIE), said the current standard of safety in the sport owed much to the accident 30 years ago.

"It was absolutely the accident and the death of Smirnov in 1982, in Rome," said Romanian Pop, who won two Olympic team bronze medals in saber.

While safety is paramount, the real challenge is to make sure spectators can see the action, no easy task given the tip of a fencing blade is believed to be the second-fastest moving object at the Olympics after the marksman's bullet.

Massive floor lights wrapping around the fencing area will flash when the wireless electronic scoring equipment is set off by a touch either on or off the valid target.

Slow-motion instant replay for judges, and new for Olympic spectators this year, makes decisions more transparent. That is a big improvement from the past when national interests very often hid behind the subjective reasoning of the referee.

And in foil, the lightest of the three weapons that include epee and saber, the bib or area below the chin, is now a valid target, increasing the pace of a bout.

In an era of Ballistic grade fabric for uniforms, stronger steel, more rigid masks that stand up to 12kg punch tests, the banning of the running attack in saber, safety has improved and injuries severe enough to knock a competitor out of competition remain low.

Despite the dramatic images of blistering clashes with swooping metal weapons and ear piercing screams of aggression, the sport is significantly safer than American football, soccer or basketball, according to a five-year study by the United States Fencing Association published in 2008.

When compared with a database of collegiate sports injuries, the USFA study led by chief medical officer Peter Harmer found injury rates 50 times greater in soccer than in fencing.